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Range Values

Range values are nothing more than a representation of a sequence of integer values. The syntax for a range value is straight forward, it's just a starting integer value, followed by two or three dots, followed by an optional ending integer value. Here are some code examples
If a range has two dots, that means that the ending value is not included in the range. If it has three dots, then the ending value is included in the range. 
MAIN
	// This is a range that starts at 0 and
	// ends at 10, not including 10
	// So... 0-9
	let singleDigitIntegers = 0..10

	// This is a range that starts at 10
	// and ends at 99. and 99 is included
	let doubleDigitIntegers = 10...99

	// These are all the same value.
	// A range that starts at 52,
	and goes on forever to infinity
	let openRange = 52..
	openRange = 52...
	openRange = 52..infinity
	openRange = 52...infinity

 Something to note

If a range value has no ending integer or if that integer is infinity or negative infinity, then it doesn't matter if there are 2 or 3 dots. The value is the same either way.
Ranges can go backwards as well. Have a look at these code examples: 
MAIN
	// This is a range that starts at -1 and
	// ends at -10, not including -10
	// So... -1 through -9
	let singleDigitNegativeInts = -1..-10

	// This is a range that starts at -10
	// and ends at -99. and -99 is included
	let doubleDigitNegativeInts = -10...-99

	// For a range that decreases
	// forever use an ending integer of -infinity
	// This range starts at 52 and and decreases forever
	let openNegativeRange = 52..-infinity
A range that starts with and ends with the same number with 2 dots in between is an empty range. And a range that starts and ends with the same number with 3 dots in between is a single integer range. Here are some examples: 
MAIN
	// This is an empty range
	let emptyRange = 1..1

	// This range contains a single number: 1
	let singleNumberRange = 1...1

	// These are also empty ranges
	emptyRange = infinity..infinity
	emptyRange = infinity..
	emptyRange = -infinity..-infinity
	emptyRange = -infinity..

	// These are ranges that contain a single number: infinity
	singleNumberRange = infinity...infinity
	singleNumberRange = infinity...

	// These are ranges that contain a single number: -infinity
	singleNumberRange = -infinity...-infinity
	singleNumberRange = -infinity...

Using Variables in Range Values

You can use any variable as the start or end value in a range as long as that variable has a data type of int. Here are some code examples: 
MAIN
	let start = 22
	let end = 56

	// This is a range that starts at 22 and
	// ends at 56, not including 56
	// So... 22 through 55
	let dynamicRange = start..end

	// This is a range that starts at 22 and
	// goes on forever until infinity
	let openRange = start..

 Something to note

You cannot use expressions in range values. Only integer literals and variable names are allowed.

Iterating a Range

You can iterate over a range using a for loop. We'll cover for loops later, but we'll give you a quick code example so that you get the idea. 
MAIN

	// Open up a stream so that we can print out values
	let console = open console

	for let digit in 1...9
		digit to: string -> console
		// Outputs: 123456789

Converting a Range To a List of Integers

You can convert a range into a list of integers by using the to operator followed by a type hint of [int]? Notice that the type hint is an optional type hint. The reason for this is that a range may not be able to be converted into a list. If the range is an open range that goes on forever, then it can't be converted to an integer list and in this case, the result will be empty when trying to convert it. 
MAIN

	let myRange = 1..6
	let myList = myRange to: [int]?
	// myList is now [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

	myRange = 1..
	myList = myRange to: [int]?
	// myList is now empty

 Warning!

Use caution when converting a range to a list of integers. There is no limit to how many integers can be in a list. So you could potentially run out of memory if you try to convert a range that is large enough... say 1..9999999999999999. That'll take up all your memory and probably crash the program or the computer.
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